Artificial Intelligence in Political Science Research and Political Practices: Discourse, Opportunities, and Risks

Abstract

Artificial intelligence technologies are actively transforming the toolkit of political scientists and public administrators, generating both new analytical opportunities and systemic risks. The aim of this article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the significance and impact of artificial intelligence on political science research methods and political practice. The methodological framework of the study is based on the integrated application of discourse analysis, open-source monitoring, focus groups, comparative and systemic methods. The source base includes media materials, official statements of top government officials, academic publications, as well as results from roundtables and focus groups. The findings reveal key vectors of political space transformation under the influence of AI. Two competing narratives have been identified in public discourse: the official discourse constructs an image of AI as an instrument for strengthening national sovereignty and technological leadership, while the expert-analytical discourse emphasizes the risks of political process destabilization and increased manipulative potential. Analysis of statements by heads of state demonstrates that AI development is being institutionalized as a priority area of state policy, with business acting as a driver of technology implementation in political practices, and education positioned as a zone of “reassembly” for training a new political elite. It is established that AI application in political analysis is effective at the stages of data collection and primary processing; however, the inability of algorithms to contextualize and account for value-normative factors limits their use in forecasting political processes and developing strategic decisions. Expert roundtables recorded consensus regarding the risks of “digital asymmetry”: major political actors (parties, the state, corporations) gain exclusive access to AI-based analytical tools, creating a threat of monopolization of political influence and restriction of competition. The conclusion substantiates the need for developing hybrid competencies in political scientists, establishing ethical codes for AI use, and creating balanced legislation that stimulates innovation while minimizing risks.