«Европа суверенных наций»,
«Патриоты.ЕС»,
«Патриоты за Европу»,
Партия идентичности и демократии, «Идентичность и демократия»,
Европейский левый альянс за людей и планету,
Партия европейских левых,
«Левые в Европейском парламенте – ЕОЛ / ЛЗС»
Abstract
The aim of the article is to identify the institutional conditions and non-institutional prerequisites for the formation of two new parties (Europe of Sovereign Nations and European Left Alliance for the People and the Planet) that appeared in the supranational party system of the European Union after the 2024 European Parliament elections. Using comparative and systemic types of analysis, the statutes, materials of official websites, and programs (manifestos) of parties, as well as statistical data and normative legal acts of the European Union are studied. The ideological and political differences of new parties from the positions of other Eurosceptics are explained. The study revealed that there is a set of common non-institutional prerequisites for the emergence of parties: the development of cooperation between ideologically close forces, an additional instrument of political influence, and the growth of Euroscepticism due to migration, economic, energy, foreign policy, and other problems of the EU. The conclusion is drawn, that the differences are based on inter-party differences and national specifics. In the case of the Europe of Sovereign Nations, the conflict between the Alternative for Germany and the previous Europarty and group and the accusations of radicalism were decisive. On the left, the over-influence of the old communist parties in the Party of the European Left was key.
